Critical Analysis of Of Mice and Men - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1139 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Of Mice And Men Essay Did you like this example? Scarseth is correct in saying that Steinbeckrs Of Mice and Men is a tragedy, yet not in the classic Aristotelian or Shakespearean sense. The majority of the characters in the novel are in stasis. The world is limited around them and results in limited possibilities, ands the lack of love and friendship both contribute to them being stuck. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Critical Analysis of Of Mice and Men" essay for you Create order J.A. Cuddon defines tragedy in saying, the overwhelming part about tragedy is the element of hopelessness, of inevitabilityTragedy is a disaster that happens to other people, and the greater the person, so it seems, the more acute is their tragedy (Cuddon). Yet this acute tragedy is found when the lowliest of lowly exploited people fail to become anything more. The characters are inevitably lead to disappointment, because of their social status, inabilities due to the worldrs limitations, and even the time period which plays a part in their struggles. A release from this cycle is hopeless. The struggle of limitation and constraint is a clear message that Steinbeck portrays through many of the characters. Scarseth is quick to notice and comment on this theme, though he only discusses the explicitly mentioned limited characters. Curley, as Scarseth mentions, is very limited. Curley doesnt know how to hold on to what he finds important: his young wife, his status as the Bossrs son, his reputation as a man [his] aim to be a respected husband/boss/man is foiled by his own limited abilities (Scarseth). Curley is stuck in his place. He, on paper, has the most power on the ranch compared to most of the other men. He is the boss son, rich, is able to boast about his wife, a sex object, a status symbolthe sexuality of the relationship (Scarseth), but he is lost. His aggressiveness and unforgiving attitude on life puts him into the same cycle of anger. Curleyrs wife, one of the most marginalized characters, evident by the name she is called and her gender, is also brought up by Scarseth. She is a lost little girl in a world of men whose knowledge of women is largely limited (Scarseth). She is called names, teased, and has no power, and is limited due to Curley. Scarseth also writes about George, Lennie, and their limitations, saying [the] aim of Lennie and George to have a small placeis doomed to frustration also by their own limitations (Scarseth). Lennie, being his poor dumb big (Scarseth) self cannot have his dream with George come true. The world limits this. However, Scarseth doesnt bring up the fact other characters can be limited, such as Slim. Slim is described as having God-Like eyes, (Steinbeck 40), he is the prince of the ranch [moving] with a majesty only achieved by royalty and a master craftsman, (Steinbeck 33) and that his opinions were law. (Steinbeck 45) Everyone respects Slim and considers him the highest in ranking. But why isnt he the boss? Slim seems like he has so much power on the farm, but hers just a farm worker. He doesnt have power in the outside world, and all he is able to achieve is making Curley tell everyone his hand was hurt in th e machine. He isnt anything outside of the labor and respect on the farm, and is exploited along with the other workers. Holding positions of power dont always equate to being unlimited. The tragedy in the novel is due to the characters inability to improve, gain, to come close in achieving their dreams, goals, or succeed because of their limitations. Friendship, love, and themes of dreams (Scarseth) are all mentioned in Scarsethrs analysis. He argues that they are what Of Mice and Men is all about. But there are few friendships or expression of love in the novel, so this cannot be true. George and Lennie have the only friendly relationship in the novel, but they do not love each other. The codependency of it is beneficial to Lennie alone. George helps keep him alive. There is no emotion or loving support, no attachment is present. This is emphasized when George explodes and says if I was alone I could live so easyyou keep me in hot water all the time (Steinbeck 11) and calls him names. Scarseth also mentions that George and Lennie as friends share a good dream (Scarseth). However, this dream isnt good, nor attainable. If their relationship isnt a two-sided one, this dream could never come true or be attainable in their limited world, and George comes to learn this. The men in the bunkhouse with George and Lennie share no intimacy either; their relationships consist of working, sleeping, and getting by day by day. The only example of a bond is when the men go to the whorehouse and play cards, but there still is no friendship present. Another example of the absence of love is with Curley and his wife. They have no care for each other or share a bond aside from the rings on their fingers.Curley uses his wife, labeled as his, for sexual pleasure and boasting. In turn, she is lonely. She [would] like to talk to somebody ever once in a while (Steinbeck 77), and Curley is just so caught up in himself and his own limitations that she was nobody. With no one to turn to and confide in, the characters are limited in themselves because of this lack of love, and limits what they can do. The fact that the book is a tragedy, yet not in the classic sense, is a direct result of the limitations of the characters and the lack of friendship and love in their relationships. Time and time again the characters fall into their fate, despair and the inability to overcome their limitations. But both Scarseth and Steinbeck are trying to prove the same point: tragedy can befall any man or any woman, and Of Mice and Men is a tragedy. Disappointment, suffering, and incapability is a reality for all of humanity. Sometimes the most tragic is to see the ones who are not as great become frozen in that struggle. And this will always happen. Steinbeck shows this through many different issues with society; racism, sexism, mistreatment of the mentally disabled, and even just with farm workers and their exploitation. Anyone, even the lowest of low can experience tragedy, and in Of Mice and Men, it is due to their limitations and the worldrs limitations and the absence of love and friendship. Steinbeck himself provides the thought that represents the tragedy of the novel best: Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. Itrs just in their head. Theyre all the time talkin about it, but itrs jus in their head (Steinbeck 74) Works Cited Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York, N.Y., U.S.A.: Penguin Books, 1994. Print. Scarseth, Thomas.

Financial Institutions in India - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2167 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Financial sector plays an indispensable role in the overall development of a country. The most important constituent of this sector is the financial institutions, which act as a conduit for the transfer of resources from net savers to net borrowers, that is, from those who spend less than their earnings to those who spend more than their earnings. Ok, now before continuing to explain the role of financial institutions in the development of industries, lets take a little bit brief detail of financial institutions in Indian context. Financial Institution: Financial Institution is not a new concept in financial history. The evolution of financial institutions must be differentiated from economic history and history of money. In Europe, it may have started with the first commodity exchange, the Bruges Bourse in 1309 and the first financiers and banks in the 1400-1600s in central and Western Europe. The first global financiers the Fuggers (1487) in Germany; the first stock company in England (Russia Company 1553); the first foreign exchange market; the first stock exchange. In financial economics, a financial institution is an institution that provides financial services for its clients or members. Probably the most important financial service provided by financial institutions is acting as financial intermediaries. Most financial institutions are highly regulated by government bodies. Broadly speaking, there are three major types of financial institution. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Institutions in India" essay for you Create order Deposit-taking institutions that accept and manage deposits and make loans; Insurance companies and pension funds; Brokers, Underwriters and investment funds Functions of financial institutions: Why these institutions exit. Or simply saying, what are the basic functions of these financial institutions.? To know the role of these institutions, lets discuss its main functions that they provide. As we have already discussed that, there are numbers of financial institutions in financial market like banks, credit unions, asset management pension providing institutions, risk management institutions, which serve some purposes as follows: Accepting Deposits Providing Commercial Loans Providing Real Estate Loans Providing Mortgage Loans Issuing Share Certificates At the same time, there are several governmental financial institutions assigned with regulatory and supervisory functions. These institutions have played a distinct role in fulfilling the financial and management needs of different industries, and have also shaped the national economic scene. Here is the list of various financial institutions. Maharashtra State Financial Corporation The State Industrial and Investment Corporation of Maharashtra Ltd The Public/National Financial institutions All nationalized banks All scheduled banks All co-operative banks Regional Development corporations Housing Development Finance Corporation Export-Import bank of India So these are the various financial institutions existing in India. All have their own contribution in development of economy of India if we talk about that. Lets talk about State Bank of India (SBI). State Bank Of India: SBI (State Bank Of India) is the largest bank of India. It is considered as 29th most reputable company in the world according to Forbes. It is one of big four banks of India with ICICI bank, Axis bank and HDFC Bank. State Bank of India (SBI) was nationalized in July 1955 under the SBI Act of 1955. Seven banks of SBI formed subsidiary and was nationalized on 19th July, 1960. The State Bank of India is Indias largest commercial bank, as already said above. It serves 90 million customers through a network of 9,000 branches. It has largest ATM network all over India. There are six associate banks that fall under SBI, and together these six banks constitute the State Bank Group. All use the same logo of a blue keyhole and all the associates use the State Bank of name followed by the regional headquarters name. SBI Bank India has 52 Foreign Offices in 34 countries. SBI India serves the international needs of its foreign customers, in addition to conducting retail operations. Th e focus of the offices of SBI is India-related business. Few of the countries where SBI Bank has branches are as under: Australia Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Belgium Bhutan Canada France Germany And also other than these are USA, UK, South Africa and Sri Lanka. Functions of SBI: What are major functions of State Bank of India that are served? Lets try to find answer of that question then we will continue to discuss about its contribution to industrial development of India. As it comes under the category of Public/Nationalized banks, so it has directly link with public and other banks too. The State bank of India acts as an agent of the Reserve Bank of India and performs the following functions: It borrows money from the public by accepting deposits such as current account deposits, fixed deposits and saving deposits. It lends money to merchants and manufacturers for short periods. It also lends to farmers and co-operative institutions. It acts actually as the bankers bank. In discharging this responsibility, the bank provides loans to commercial bank when required and also re-discount their bill. It also acts as the clearing house of the commercial bank. State Bank of India also acts as an agent of Reserve bank of India. As an agent, the State bank of India maintains the treasuries of the State Government. It also performs various subsidiary services also. It collects checks, drafts, bills of exchange, dividends interest, salaries and pensions on behalf of its customers. So these are some of the functions that are performed by SBI. Contribution toward Industrial Development: Coming to major purpose of out term paper assignment, lets discuss about contribution to development of Indian Industries. As we know, financial institutions deal with various financial activities associated with bonds, debentures, stocks, loans, risk diversification, insurance, hedging, retirement planning, investment, portfolio management, and many other types of related functions. With the help of their functions, the financial institutions transfer money or funds to various tiers of economy and thus play a significant role in acting upon the domestic and the international economic scenario. The functions of financial institutions, such as stock exchanges, commodity markets, futures, currency, and options exchanges are very important for the economy. These institutions are involved in creating and providing ownership for financial claims. These institutions are also responsible for maintaining liquidity in the market and managing price change risks. As part of their variou s services, these institutions provide investment opportunities and help businesses to generate funds for various purposes. If we talk about SBI, the State Bank began an era of expansion, acting as a motor for Indias industrial and agricultural development that was to transform it into one of the worlds largest financial networks. Indeed, by the early 1990s, the State Bank counted nearly 15,000 branches and offices throughout India, giving it the worlds single largest branch network. Industrialization and Financial Institution: As we know that industrialization is the most important method by which any country can make its growth rapid and reliable. In the long-run it is regarded as the means to full employment, high productivity and better living standards. It is also the only way through which other objectives of national economic policy like removal of poverty, balanced regional development and national defense can be effectively realized. In India, at present, we have a fairly well-developed framework to cater to the financial requirements of the industrial sector, specifically of medium and long term finances. With a variegated structure, the financial institutions have played a signified part in the industrial development via investment market and have emerged as backbone of the financial system. State Bank of India has also contributed more in the development of industrial sector of India. Its roles fall in two categories: Qualitative Quantitative State Bank of India for carrying out its business operations, financial institutions implement different types of economic models. It like other financial institutions assists their clients and investors to maximize its profits by rendering appropriate guidance. This financial institution also imparts a wide range of educational programs to educate the investors on the fundamentals of investment and also regarding the valuation of stock, bonds, assets, foreign exchanges, and commodities. Since 1973, bank is actively involved in non-profit activity called Community Services banking. In the words of chairman of SBI, business is more than banking because by this we can touch the lives of people anywhere in many ways. At a macro level, SBI would likely be a key beneficiary of the economy returning back to a potential growth path through rising demand for loans as the economy rebounds to higher activity levels. Further, SBI could raise its productivity in the long run through p otential mergers with its subsidiary banks and through revenue/cost synergies. With this, the number of SBI associates would come down to five. Further with a continued rebound in capital market activity and the life insurance and AMC, the business is picking up steam. Whatever the case, it is evidently clear that though the stock is looking a little expensive today, it is and will remain a blue-chip till the India story hold good. If the economy is back on the fast track, the banking system will have to show a robust growth led by none other than this banking behemoth. As there is linear relationship between economic growth and financial institutions, without financial institutions interference, any country cannot imagine growth of its economy. Financial institutions not only help industries by providing direct loans and subsidies to them but also providing finance education and skills indirectly. Since liberalization, the government has approved significant banking ref orms. While some of these relate to nationalized banks like encouraging mergers, reducing government interference and increasing profitability and competitiveness, other reforms have opened up the banking and insurance sectors to private and foreign players. Currently, in 2007, banking in India is generally mature in terms of supply, product range and reach-even, though reach in rural India still remains a challenge for the private sector and foreign banks. In terms of quality of assets and capital adequacy, Indian banks are considered to have clean, strong and transparent balance sheets relative to other banks in comparable economies of Asia. The Reserve Bank of India is an autonomous body, with minimal pressure from the government. The stated policy of the Bank on the Indian Rupee is to manage volatility but without any fixed exchange rate. Currently, India has 88 scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) — 28 public sector banks (that is with the Government of India holding a stake), 29 private banks, these do not have government stake; they may be publicly listed and traded on stock exchanges, and 31 foreign banks. They have a combined network of over 53,000 branches and 17,000 ATMs. The public sector banks hold over 75% of total assets of the banking industry, with the private and foreign banks holding 18.2% and 6.5% respectively. And if we talk about SBI, it has largest ATM network all over India. SBI is a commercial bank. Commercial banks play an important role in economic development of developing country. Economic development involves investment in various sectors of economy. The banks collect savings from the people and mobilize saving for investment in industrial project. The investors borrow from banks to finance the projects. Promote the growth rate through the reorientation of loan policy. Special funds are provided to the investors for the completion of projects. The banks provide a guarantee for industrial loan from international agenci es. The foreign capital flows to developing countries for investment in projects. Besides normal banking the banks perform agency services for the client. The banks buy and sell securities, make rent payments, receive subscription funds and collect utility bills for the Government departments. Thus these banks save time and energy of busy peoples. Banks arrange foreign exchange for the business transaction with other countries. The facility of foreign currency account has resulted in an increase of foreign exchange reserves. By opening a letter of credit the banks promote foreign trade. The banks are not simply collecting funds but also serve as a guide to the customer investment of their funds. The policy of banks is an instrument in wide dispersal of credit in country. It is said that if the banking system in a country is effective, efficient and disciplined, it brings about a rapid growth in the various sectors of the economy. Conclusion: After a deep study about the role of State Bank of India in the development of industrial sector, we arrive at the conclusion that without the financial assistance, the industrial sector cannot seek growth and this financial assistance can only be provided by banking sector, and major contribution to this is by commercial banks. State Bank India generally acts as a development bank and provides short and long term loans to entrepreneurs to invest in new enterprises and adopt new methods of production. As soon as the SBI has caught growth, there has been noticeable growth in trade and industry. BIBLIOGRAPHY www.stockmarketsreview.com//state_bank_of_india_outperforming_itself_20091028_1000070/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India www.statebankofindia.com/ https://www.slideshare.net/Mustafaseady/role-of-commercial-banks-in-the-economic-development-of-a-country www.blurtit.com/q212234.html www.akdn.org/india_economic.asp https://finance.indiamart.com/in_india/state_bank_india.html www.iimcal.ac.in/community/consclub/ppts/bankingAndFinance.pp

The Field Of Pharmacy Is A Growing Problem - 868 Words

The field of pharmacy is a growing, but at the same time stagnant. It is growing because it is changing as the healthcare system is changing. After the changes in the healthcare system, the field has included pharmaceutical care in its mission. As described in Communications Skills for Pharmacist book, â€Å"pharmaceutical care requires the pharmacist to take responsibility for preventing and solving drug- related problems and optimizing drug therapy† (p.1, CP). On the other hand it is stagnant because the mission is not being fulfilled. The traditional way of practicing, which is dispensing drugs only, still persists. The pharmacy is being practiced in an unethical way as the patient is told to sign the paper, without being informed what rights the patient is losing. Presently, there is a need of pharmacists in the healthcare system, since they have the knowledge of drug interaction. But there might be a reduction in need because the healthcare wants something more than just dispensing medications. The need for pharmacist will only be understood, when the people know what to expect from pharmacists. If the patients understand that the pharmacist can provide them counseling, then they will approach the pharmacist. Some pharmacists want to fulfill the pharmaceutical care mission, but the authority puts restrictions and also the pharmacist is not compensated for the work. Consequently, as the authority is not willing to cooperate, the improvement in the role is difficult.Show MoreRelatedWhat I Got My College?1603 Words   |  7 Pageseffective and enjoyable if I could find a job in the field of my m ajor. Hence, I stared looking for the job in pharmacy stores as a technician. This progress of finding a technician job trained me about dedication. 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Throughout high schoolRead MoreCaremark Pharmacy: Service Development for a Healthcare Facility1496 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the CVS/ Caremark pharmacy company to improve their customer service. This would help them to cut costs and access people in remote areas. This would help CVS / Caremark Company to go global and increase their network. CVS/ Caremark Introduction CVS / Caremark isa Pharmacy Company that has been working since 1963. Both CVS and Caremark were working separately but they recently turned towards this merger which has been proved successful. Their aim is to reinvent pharmacy to improve health careRead MorePharmacists : Caring For Ones Health1134 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Caring for One’s Health† Pharmacists are healthcare professionals who have expertise in the field of medicine. They are responsible for the distribution of medicinal treatments to provide therapeutic improvement of a patients health. When people think of a pharmacist, they picture someone behind a counter putting medication into a bottle that will then simply be handed to a patient. However, that assumption is incorrect. Pharmacists provide individualized service to all patientsRead MoreThe Pharmaceutical Industry and Technological Advancement1765 Words   |  7 Pagesmany fields that have profited from the technological advancement, a prominent and notable field is the pharmaceutical industry. As technological developments in the pharmaceuticals continue to move forward, the challenge pharmacists and pharmaceutical industries face is how to improve the quality it provides its patients, as well as becoming a determining factor in lessening drug and prescription abuse. A pharmacist is a health care professional who is an expert in the pharmaceutical field and on

The Impact Of Technology On Education And Developing The...

Throughout the entire history of mankind, education has been by far one of the most important pillars of any human’s life. With education, we gain knowledge, awareness, and skills, in which we then are capable for success and achieving our ambitions. However, technology has played an essential role in enhancing and developing the educational process. Written in Frederick Douglass’s essay, â€Å"Learning to Read†, he describes his extraordinary tale from an uneducated slave to a prominent writer of his time. A critical point to note is that during his time period, the most advanced form of educational technology was the pen and paper. As such, the entirety of Douglass’s future rested on his ability to master this technology. With this in mind, the concept of mastering technology is a critical skill that every cadet should possess, and is an important topic of consideration for the Dean and the Academic Board. In essence, the mastery of technology plays an e xceedingly important role in the development of the cadets, which is most certainly an important topic of discussion between the Dean and the Academic Board. To begin, it prepares cadets to succeed in the classroom that incorporates technology into its educational process. In the case of Frederick Douglass, the initial teachings by his slave owner’s wife had established an essential foundation for him to succeed on his own. Next, it prepares cadets with the knowledge and skills to lead in an Army where technology isShow MoreRelatedThe Leading Theories For Development Of Adult Education Programs Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesAndragogy and TPACK have been the leading theories for development of adult education programs and curricula. This white paper will provide various reasons to support the need for professional training programs to be implemented into educational settings for instructional leaders, coaches and supervisors. 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Why were the Bolsheviks able to take power in October 1917 Free Essays

There are many factors that allowed to Bolsheviks to take power in October 1917 such as the growing unpopularity of the Provisional Government at the time. Moreover, events such as the July days and the return of Lenin and Trotsky. The Bolshevik slogans â€Å"Bread, Land and Peace† and â€Å"All Power to the Soviets† also sum up the other major factors to their rise. We will write a custom essay sample on Why were the Bolsheviks able to take power in October 1917 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Provisional Government was becoming increasingly unpopular. They had failed to end the war and were blamed for food shortages and rising prices. Also, the Russian people were unable to choose their own government as the Provisional Government had not held elections which had displeased most people of Russia. The Bolsheviks took advantage of the unpopularity of the Provisional Government and increased its support. Its slogan â€Å"Bread, Land and Peace† was a really attractive offer to the Russian people. The â€Å"Bread† issue was not being solved by the government, but the Bolsheviks promised that they would deal with it. Lenin promised to provide the people with sufficient food, and the starving population turned to him for help. Furthermore, most peasants were furious with the government and the landowners for not giving the peasants a chance to earn their own money with their own land. Lenin, in accordance with the communist ideology, promised that the landowners’ property would be split up and distributed equally, naturally attracting mass support from the majority of the population. In addition, the slogan ‘Peace’ was the most ppealed out of the 3 by the Russian people. Almost everybody wanted the war to stop, as it continued for so long. The devastated economy and dwindling food supplies were all caused by the war, and people wished to return to their old lives. Lenin knew this and aptly used this as a slogan for his campaign. Being the only party which constantly opposed the continuation of the war, the Bolsheviks attracted many supporters. Additionally, the leadership of Lenin was another factor that allowed the Bolsheviks to take power. Lenin was a dedicated, determined and skilled leader. He motivated his party and, through agitation and propaganda, the Bolsheviks became very popular in the army and in the factories. The leadership of the party was loyal to Lenin, and they followed his orders with conviction. The party had a proficient propaganda machine, producing newspapers, banners, posters and setting up recruitment drives in the army and factories. Lenin promised to bring an end to the war, to give land to peasants, to give workers control of factories, to take control of he banks and to give power to soviets of workers and soldiers set up throughout Russia. During the July Days, a political crisis erupted as soldiers in Petrograd refused to go to the front and sailors Joined the workers in anti-government demonstrations. These people were mostly Bolshevik supporters, and these riots were no doubt sparked off by party instigators. However, they were delivered a crushing defeat when the government managed to suppress the demonstrations and arrested a few leading Bolsheviks. Lenin himself was shot twice in the chest from close range, but urvived to escape to Finland. However, this event emphasises that the Bolsheviks Bolsheviks were able to take power in October 1917 because of Lenin’s outstanding speaking skills and use of propaganda. Equally because of the state Russia was in during 1917 with shortage of food, and the need to end the war. The Bolsheviks were the only party that opposed the continuation of the war – which the majority of the Russian population wanted – promising to give the people of Russia what they urgently needed at the time, â€Å"Bread, Land and Peace†. How to cite Why were the Bolsheviks able to take power in October 1917, Papers

Huntingtons Disease Essay Paper Example For Students

Huntingtons Disease Essay Paper Huntingtons DiseaseBackgroundHuntingtons disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease that givesrise to progressive, elective (localized) neural cell death associated withcholeric movements (uncontrollable movements of the arms, legs, and face) anddementia. It is one of the more common inherited brain disorders. About 25,000Americans have it and another 60,000 or so will carry the defective gene andwill develop the disorder as they age. Physical deterioration occurs over aperiod of 10 to 20 years, usually beginning in a persons 30s or 40s. The geneis dominant and thus does not skip generations. Having the gene means a 92percent chance of getting the disease. The disease is associated with increasesin the length of a CAG triplet repeat present in a gene called huntingtonlocated on chromosome 4. The classic signs of Huntington disease are progressivechorea, rigidity, and dementia, frequently associated with seizures. Studies ;Research Studies were done to determine if somatic mtDNA (mitochondria DNA)mutations might contribute to the neurodegeneration observed in Huntingtonsdisease. Part of the research was to analyze cerebral deletion levels in thetemporal and frontal lobes. Research hypothesis: HD patients have significantlyhigher mtDNA deletionlevels than agematched controls in the frontal and temporallobes of the cortex. To test the hypothesis, the amount of mtDNA deletion in 22HD patients brains was examined by serial dilution-polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and compared the results with mtDNA deletion levels in 25 aged matchedcontrols. Brain tissues from three cortical regions were taken during an autopsy(from the 22 HD symptomatic HD patients): frontal lobe, temporal lobe andoccipital lobe, and putamen. Molecular analyses were performed on genetic DNAisolated from 200 mg of frozen brain regions as described above. The HDdiagnosis was confirmed in patients by PCR amplification of the trinucleotiderepeat in the IT 15 gene. One group was screened with primers that includedpolymorphism and the other was screened without the polymorphism. After heatingthe reaction to 94 degrees C for 4 minutes, 27 cycles of 1 minute at 94 degreesCand 2 minutes at 67 degrees C, tests were performed. The PCR products weresettled on 8% polyacrylamide gels. The mtDNA deletion levels were quantitatedrelative to the total mtDNA levels by the dilution-PCR method. When thepercentage of the mtDNA deletion relative to total mtDNA was used as a marker ofmtDNA damage, most regions of the brain accrued a very small amount of mtDNAdamage before age 75. Cortical regions accrued 1 to 2% deletion levels betweenages 80-90, and the putamen accrued up to 12% of this deletion after age 80. Thestudy presented evidence that HD patients have much higher mtDNA deletionlevelsthan agematched controls in the frontal and temporal lobes of the cortex. Temporal lobe mtDNA deletion levels were 11 fold higher in HD patients than incontrols, whereas the frontal lobe deletion levels were fivefold higher in HDpatients than in controls. There was no statistically significant difference inthe average mtDNA deletion levels between HD patients and controls in theoccipital lobe and the putamen. The increase in mtDNA deletion levels found inHD frontal and temporal lobes suggests that HD patients have an increase mtDNAsomatic mutation rate. Could the increased rate be from a direct consequence ofthe expanded trinucleotide repeat of the HD gene, or is it from an indirectconsequence? Whatever the origin of the deletion, these observations areconsistent with the hypothesis: That the accumulation of somatic mtDNA mutationserodes the energy capacity of the brain, resulting in the neuronal loss andsymptoms when energy output declines below tissue expression thresholds. .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .postImageUrl , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:hover , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:visited , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:active { border:0!important; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:active , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Farm Book Report (215 words) Essay(Neurology, October 95) Treatments Researchers have identified a key proteinthat causes the advancement of Huntingtons after following up on the discoverytwo years ago of the gene that causes this disorder. Shortly after theHuntingtons gene was identified, researchers found the protein it produces, alarger than normal molecule they called huntingtin that was unlike any proteinpreviously identified. The question that they did not know was what either thehealthy huntingtin protein or its aberrant form does in a cell. Recently, a teamfrom Johns Hopkins University found a second protein called HAP-1, that attachesto the huntingtin molec ule only in the brain. The characteristics of this secondprotein has an interesting feature- it binds much more tightly to defectivehuntingtin than to the healthy from, and it appears that this tightly boundcomplex causes damage to brain cells. Researchers are hoping to find simpledrugs that can weaken this binding, thereby preventing the disease to progressany further. In other Huntington-related research, scientists have found wherehuntingtin protein is localized in nerve cells, a step closer to discovering itscontribution toward Huntingtons. A French team reported that they havedeveloped an antibody that attaches itself to the defective protein inHuntingtons and four other inherited diseases. This finding may lead toidentifying the defects in a variety of others unexplained disorders. Theidentification of the gene an the huntingtin protein promised to be a majorbreakthrough in tracing the causes of Huntingtons, but that promise has so farbeen delayed. The protein of Huntington is unlike any other protein known makingit difficult for researchers to guess its role in a healthy cell. However, thishas not stopped researchers from trying to find a possible cure for HD. Effectson Society By finding possible drugs to weaken the binding of the HAP-1 protein,researchers can provide society an incredibly sophisticated, but quick and easywasy to screen for new treatments. One of the biggest arguments for genetictesting, even when there isnt any cure or treatment to offer the patient, isfinancial planning. If you know that youre probably going to be disabled andunable to work before reaching 50, you can plan for it. But what if your incomedoesnt allow for it? This demonstrates the importance for continuous researchon HD. Overview of the Two Articles Both articles concentrate on HDs proteincausing affect. There is no doubt between the two that HD is an inheritedmutation. The Neurology articles explains how HD patients have much higherdeletion levels than agematched cont rols in the frontal and temporal lobes ofthe cortex, whereas the article from Times Medical Writer focuses on a possibletreatment resulting from a finding of a second protein called HAP-1, that bindsitself to the huntingtin molecule only in the brain. Both conclude that HD is amutation that causes damage to brain cells further in a persons life.

Netflix Marketing Promotion free essay sample

Netflix developed and maintains an extensive personalized video-recommendation system based on ratings and reviews by its customers. On October 1, 2006, Netflix offered a  $1,000,000 prize  to the first developer of a video-recommendation  algorithm  that could beat its existing algorithm,  Cinematch, at predicting customer ratings by more than 10%. Netflix has played a prominent role in independent film distribution. Through a division called  Red Envelope Entertainment but it closed in 2008, in part to avoid competition with its studio partners. Netflix initiated an  initial public offering  (IPO) on May 29, 2002, selling 5,500,000 shares of  common stock  at the price of US $15. 00 per share. On June 14, 2002, the company sold an additional 825,000 shares of common stock at the same price. After incurring substantial losses during its first few years, Netflix posted its first profit during fiscal year 2003, earning US $6. 5  million profit on revenues of US $272  million. The company is well known for its worker-oriented culture, including unlimited vacation time for salaried workers and allowing those employees to take any amount of their paychecks in  stock options. We will write a custom essay sample on Netflix Marketing Promotion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Netflix has been one of the most successful  dot-com ventures. A  The New York Times  article from September 2002, said that, at the time, Netflix mailed about 190,000 discs per day to its 670,000 monthly subscribers. [22]  The companys published subscriber count increased from one million in the fourth quarter of 2002 to around 5. 6  million at the end of the third quarter of 2006, to 14  million in March 2010. Netflixs growth has been fueled by the fast spread of  DVD players  in households; as of 2004, nearly two-thirds of U. S. homes had a DVD player. Netflix capitalized on the success of the DVD and its rapid expansion into U. S. homes, integrating the potential of the Internet and e-commerce to provide services and catalogs that brick and mortar retailers could not compete with. Netflix also operates an online affiliate program which has helped it to build online sales for DVD rentals. On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced its intentions to rebrand and structure its DVD home media rental service as an independent  subsidiary  company called  Qwikster, totally separating DVD rentals and streaming. [23][24][25]  Andy Rendich, a 12-year veteran of Netflix, would have been the CEO of Qwikster. The new service would carry  video games  whereas Netflix did not. [26]  Then, in October 2011, Netflix announced that it would retain its DVD service under the name Netflix and would not, in fact, create Qwikster for that purpose. [27]On October 24, 2011, Netflix announced it lost 800,000 US subscribers in the third quarter of 2011 and more subscriber losses were expected in the fourth quarter of 2011. Despite the losses, earnings for Netflix jumped 63 percent for the third quarter of 2011. [28][29]On January 26, 2012, Netflix said it added 610,000 subscribers in the US by the end of the fourth quarter of 2011. The company announced it had 24. 4 million US subscribers for this time period. [30]Netflix first moved internationally by launching their streaming-only service in Canada on September 22, 2010. Then, in spring 2011, Netflix announced they would further expand internationally by launching services Latin America, by the end of 2011, and in the European market, starting in Spain by 2012. Subsequently, Netflix completed the launch of streaming-content services in Latin America in September 2011 by launching in the Caribbean, Mexico, Central and South America. In October 2011, it was announced that Netflix would be launching in the UK and Ireland in early 2012. Netflix was officially launched as a streaming-only service in the United Kingdom and Ireland on January 9, 2012, priced at ? 5. 99 a month in the UK and â‚ ¬6. 99 a month in Ireland. Norwegian media reported in June 2012 that the countrys two biggest broadcasters,  NRK  and  TV 2  confirmed ongoing talks with Netflix. This was interpreted as the company positioning itself for a launch in Norway. The company itself would not confirm this, only that they were planning to launch in another market in the fourth quarter.